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WHAT IS ORTHODONTICS?
Orthodontics (literally “straight teeth”) is the branch of dentistry that deals with preventing and treating misalignments, growth disorders and developmental defects of both dentition and jaw bones: all conditions that determine not only an alteration of the aesthetics of the smile, but also of the function of the chewing system.
In the event that bad occlusions (defective closure of the teeth) can be solved without resorting to surgery, orthodontic appliances are used to restore the correct functionality of the teeth, distinguished between mobile, fixed and transparent.
MOBILE ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES
These are equipment that can be removed and reinserted by the patient for eating or for daily oral hygiene operations. They are usually used for one of the following purposes:
– Functional improvement: by acting on the position of the jaw and on the stimulation of the muscles, they allow the change in shape and growth of the bones of the face
– For orthodontic purposes: they move the teeth without acting on the bones and muscles
– For containment purposes: they are usually used once the fixed appliance has been disassembled, to keep the teeth in the position reached
INVISALIGN
FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES
This type of equipment, often used in the final stage of
an orthodontic therapy, it is welded to the teeth with cement and is not removed until its action is considered completed.
The fixed appliance consists of small attachments, called brackets (plates), which are glued to each tooth. Each attachment has a space inside which a metal wire is placed that follows the line of the dental arch. Thanks to its elastic properties, the metal arch exerts a force on the plates (and therefore on the teeth) which allows the teeth to be aligned according to the desired pattern.
TRANSPARENT APPLIANCES
The spread of orthodontics also to adults has made it necessary to find aesthetic alternatives to the “classic” fixed braces with metal brackets. In fact, if it is normal for a child to wear a device with metal plates, for an adult the aesthetic needs require a more discreet presence.
It is for this purpose that the so-called transparent appliances were born, or completely transparent alignment masks, which allow you to move the teeth without the use of metal or ceramic attachments.
Removable and aesthetically almost invisible, transparent orthodontic appliances allow you to correct numerous dental problems, including: cross bite, dental bite, overbite, strong tooth spacing, protrusion of the upper arch.
The masks, in non-toxic and transparent plastic material, are manufactured in the laboratory on the basis of the patient’s dental impressions. Once positioned, they begin to force teeth in the direction of the desired displacement forcing them to move; as the teeth move, different templates are created to accommodate the new position.
Masks are usually changed every 2 weeks and must be worn for at least 20 hours a day. They can be removed only to eat, otherwise the effectiveness will be reduced and the orthodontic therapy will be lengthened.
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